## Introduction to Databases --- ## Outline * Information Systems * Operating System Features * Operating System Limitations * Database Management Systems --- ## Information Systems  --- ## Information Systems  --- ## Information Systems  --- ## Information Systems  --- ## Information Systems  --- ## Application  --- ## Operating System Features * create/delete/rename files/folders * read/write files --- ## Operating System Limitations * data redundancy * data isolation * integrity problems * security problems * concurrency access --- ## Integrity Problems * operating systems don't enforce any internal structure on files * it is up to the application to enforce --- ## Concurreny Problems * operating systems don't manage access to files by competing users the way we might expect * it is up to the applications to enforce --- ## Application with Data Management  --- ## Multiple Applications  --- ## Database Management System